Rashes

All skin rashes, whether temporary or chronic, begin with skin irritation. Elimination of the source of the rash can lead to elimination of the rash.  It sounds simple enough, but because there are many different conditions that cause a rash and determining the cause is a key factor in this process.

Q: What are the types and causes of rashes? 

A: Contact dermatitis: This type of rash can be very itchy and is caused by an irritant. This includes poison ivy or something unique the person such as a new soap, jewelry or latex exposure.  The location of the rash usually gives a clue about the cause.  Mild cases of contact dermatitis may manifest as redness of the skin or small red bumps, while more serious cases my cause redness, swelling, and blisters. Contact dermatitis may not occur on the first but rather with repeated exposures. 

Rashes caused by a virus, bacteria, fungus, or disease: Viral infections, such as measles and chicken pox, can cause a rash as can bacterial infections (impetigo).   Rashes are also seen with sexually transmitted diseases, illnesses such as kidney disease, or certain cancer.  

Rashes caused by parasites and insects: Spider and mosquito bites can cause a rash, especially when scratched. An infamous rash known as the “bulls eye” rash is caused by a bite from a tick carrying Lyme disease and signals the need for immediate medical intervention.

Rashes caused by chronic skin conditions: Eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis, are all characterized by rashes. 

Other causes: Allergies to certain medications are also responsible for skin rashes. Some may be serious and should immediately be brought to a doctor’s attention. If severe symptoms develop such as difficulty breathing, call 911. 

Q: How are rashes treated?  

A: To effectively treat a rash, the underlying cause must be identified and treated. The appropriate remedies for a viral rash are not the same as those for a rash caused by a bacterial infection or skin disease. Nonetheless, there are ways to relieve the itch and discomfort of a rash regardless of its cause.  Medications such as calamine lotion and non-prescription hydrocortisone cream can relieve the itch of contact dermatitis.  Hydrocortisone should not be used on a fungal rash.  Antihistamines such as Benadryl can also help for rashes as a result of allergies. 

If these treatments do not work, you should schedule an appointment with a dermatologist.

Comfort measures:

• Try not to wash too often with soap and water as over-washing can dry out the skin, making itching worse.
• Leave the rash exposed to the air.
• Do not scratch. Scratching leads to more itching. Trim your nails short and wear cotton socks over your hands at night to prevent accidental scratching.
• Stay out of the sun as heat and ultraviolet light will only make the rash worse.
• Use fragrance-free and color-free laundry detergent.
• Avoid wearing synthetic fabrics close to your skin. Cotton is the best option.
• Try adding oatmeal to your bath for a soothing, moisturizing soak.

When to See a Doctor 

Some rashes will go away by themselves but if two weeks pass and the rash persists or gets worse, you should contact a doctor. If the rash is accompanied by a fever or if you generally feel ill, seek medical attention immediately.